19th Century Cork Sutton Mariners, Sailing Ships and Crews

Lists and information and family history- Cork 1800s by John A. Sutton. From the collections of Cork City and County Archives Service.

NINETEENTH-CENTURY CORK SUTTON MARINERS, SAILING SHIPS AND CREWS

John Sutton

2022

Fig. 1: The River Lee joining Lough Mahon, with Blackrock Castle on the near peninsula and in the distance Passage West and the Lower Cork Harbour.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. LIST OF FIGURES---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

2. PREFACE-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

3. NINETEENTH-CENTURY CORK SUTTON MARINERS------------------------------- 8

4. NINETEENTH-CENTURY CORK SAILING SHIPS AND THEIR CREWS------------ 18

5. NINETEENTH-CENTURY CORK CREW LIST ------------------------------------------331

6. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATED TOPICS -----------------------------------------------------353

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------378

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Copyright © 2022 John Sutton. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means: electronic, photo copying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author.

1. LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1: The River Lee joining Lough Mahon.

Fig. 2: Master’s Certificate 1851, issued to Captain George Sutton (b.1804).

Fig. 3: The ports of Clonakilty, Courtmacsherry, Kinsale, Cork and Youghal on 1775 map.

Fig. 4: View from Queenstown to the Cork harbour entrance c.1900.

Fig. 5: 1835 Register of Seaman, UK Nat. Archives BT120, showing Sutton mariners.

Fig. 6: Victoria Quay, with Albert Quay and Cork City Hall.

Fig. 7: Figurehead of the Ellen Sutton of Cork.

Fig. 8: Tram map of the centre of Cork city, late nineteenth century.

Fig. 9: Captain Nathaniel Sutton c. 1911.

Fig. 10: Lapps Quay with Abraham Sutton & Sons coal store and Custom House.

Fig. 11: Rob Roy, Troubadour, Victor, Jonadab and Queen Victoria .

Fig. 12 : St. Patrick’s Bridge, c.1900.

Fig. 13: Annette of Youghal.

Fig. 14: Calendar of Wills and Administration: Thomas Sutton.

Fig. 15: Cork City and Ballinacurra on Cork coastal map.

Fig. 16 : Captain William Sutton’s Master’s Certificate.

Fig. 17: Detail of early eighteenth-century map of Ireland by Visscher.

Fig. 18: Dei Gratia wrecked at Milford Haven.

Fig. 19: The Eliza O’Keeffe of Youghal.

Fig. 20: 3D image of Ellen Sutton figurehead.

Fig. 21: Late nineteenth-century Courtmacsherry.

Fig. 22: Captain Henry Brown of Passage, Cork, entry on Register of Seamen.

Fig. 23: George Peake of Youghal.

Fig. 24 : Master Denis Whelan’s Master Certificate application .

Fig. 25: Cork Harbour Map.

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Fig. 26: Register of Seamen, UK Nat. Archives BT120.

Fig. 27: Detail of early eighteenth-century map of Ireland by Visscher.

Fig. 28: Declaration made by Mate Robert Sutton b.1836 for replacement of lost papers.

Fig. 29: Mary Anne of Clonakilty.

Fig. 30: Timothy Donovan’s Service record.

Fig. 31: Jonadab and Nellie Fleming leaving Youghal Harbour.

Fig. 32: View of Lapps Quay towards the Cork Custom House.

Fig. 33: Detail from 1613 South of Ireland Map by Mercator.

Fig. 34: Captain John Twohig’s service record .

Fig. 35: Late nineteenth-century map of the Blackwater and Bride.

Fig. 36: Rob Roy of Youghal.

Fig. 37: Detail from an early eighteenth-century map of Ireland by Visscher.

Fig. 38: Troubadour of Cork.

Fig. 39: George Sutton’s Master Certificate application: 1850 .

Fig. 40 : Victor leaving Youghal Harbour with Jonadab leading.

Fig. 41: William S Green of Youghal.

Fig. 42: Nellie Fleming II .

Fig. 43: Blackrock Castle, built in 1829 at the confluence of the River Lee and Lough Mahon.

Fig. 44: The lighthouse at Youghal by night.

Fig. 45: The America.

Fig. 46: Passage West: The Original Port of Cork

Fig. 47: The Marina by the River Lee Navigation Wall.

Fig. 48 : Captain William Sutton’s Master Certificate application in 1850.

Fig. 49: Spike Island from Queenstown (Cobh), Co Cork.

Fig. 50: Schooners at the end of an era.

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Fig. 2: Master’s certificate 1851, issued by the British Board of Trade to Captain George Sutton (b.1804) who was captain of Girl I Love of Cork on this date (Image copyright and kind permission to reproduce: Ancestry.com)

2. PREFACE

Genealogical research into my branch of West Cork Suttons revealed that my ancestors contributed four generations of master mariners to the nineteenth - century Cork sailing community. My family originally came from Clonakilty, Co. Cork and my great-great- grandfather, Captain George Sutton (b.1804), had four master mariner brothers born in Clonakilty between 1794 and 1814. They sailed largely out of Kinsale in their early years and migrated to Cork City during the 1830s. Sutton descendants and intermarriage with other mariner families resulted in more than fifty active sea captains on Cork ships in the nineteenth century. The family also comprised merchants, shipowners, steam tug owners, sailmakers, chandlers, ropemakers, ship agents and Cork harbour commissioners. The first part of my study (Section 3) details chronologically this multifaceted involvement of the Sutton family in the Cork maritime community. The Sutton extended family not only sailed extensively on Cork ships but also built a moderate-sized fleet of sailing ships, and a by-product of the present research has been an exploration of Cork sailing ships during their final century of prominence. Regardless of a depression in Irish shipbuilding following the Napoleonic War, Cork developed a good reputation as a shipbuilding centre. Initial research involved the type, size and origin of vessels in the Cork fleets, followed by ownership, management and trade patterns. Although the investigation had started with Sutton-owned ships, it soon expanded into a review of all nineteenth - century Cork sailing ships.

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Fig. 3: From west to east: the ports of Clonakilty, Courtmacsherry, Kinsale, Cork and Youghal. The navigable and tidal Rivers Blackwater and Bride flow into the estuary at Youghal (a detail from A New and Correct Map of the province of Munster, drawn from the latest and best authorities, c. 1775, Thomas Condor). The research area of the study is the Cork ports: from Clonakilty in the west to Youghal in the east. The cumulative result has been a unique catalogue of Cork sailing ships presenting a detailed focus on one area of nineteenth-century Cork maritime history. The catalogue is not only concerned with ship size and function but also emphasises the human element associated with the ships: the mariners, shipowners and shipbuilders. Facts and events pertinent to each ship, the Cork maritime scene and the extended Sutton family, have been added to each entry. While some repetition may be apparent on a complete review of the Catalogue of Sailing Ships (Section 4), a substantial block of readers may consult the Catalogue on a more selective basis and appreciate the comprehensive data in individual entries. To aid future researchers, the Catalogue (Section 4) is arranged alphabetically in order of the ships’ names and each entry contains place and date of construction, tonnage, vessel-type, homeport, owner, fate of ship, purpose, officer names, when known, plus a short account of those involved with the ship’s history. The main documentary sources for this are first Lloyd’s Register of Shipping . This gives information by year, starting in 1794. Associated with Lloyd’s, in the online version, is CLIP: Crew List Project database. This is a not-for-profit volunteer project, set up to assist research into the records of British ships and merchant seafarers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. For further information on both ships and seamen, the UK National Archives at Kew, London, is used for the first part of the nineteenth

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century. This resource is partly digitised but some parts, including the unique and important BT98/615-618 records (Voyage Agreements and Crew Lists for Cork ships in 1845), must be accessed in person, an opportunity I availed myself of, a few years past. The UK National Archives also provided ship registration numbers, enhancing ship identification. In 1855 the system of registration of shipping was reorganised so that each vessel, old and new, was given a unique lifetime Official Number (ON), particularly important for differentiation of ships with similar names. These numbers are available in the Appropriation Books of the Registrar General of Shipping (accessible on CLIP). Since some ships in my catalogue (Section 4) pre- date the latter system, I have adhered to the term ‘registration number’ for all the nineteenth - century vessels in my research. Around the mid-nineteenth century it became obligatory for ship officers to be certified and so for the second half of the nineteenth century the Registry of Shipping and Seamen: Registers of Certificates of Competency, Masters and Mates, foreign trade (UK M&M) was consulted. This record is for the United Kingdom of the time, so includes Ireland and covers the period from 1850 – 1927. This is also held by the National Archives. This is checked and sometimes added to from the Irish Merchant Navy Crew Lists (IMNCL) 1857 – 1922. Spellings of persons, ships and places throughout the catalogue have been derived from the source material: hence Cobh is listed Cove or Queenstown. Similarly, regarding the listing of individuals or companies in the ‘Owner’ category, these are written as found in Lloyd’s Register and often utilise unconventional abbreviations by standards of present-day usage. They may also differ in spelling and/or identity from owners found concomitantly in other sources (CLIP and IMNCL). All these primary sources (and if available, online access to them) are listed in the first part of the bibliography. Following this comprehensive catalogue of 370 vessels is an associated crew list (Section 5), arranged alphabetically and cross-referenced to the ships in the main catalogue. This is followed by an alphabetical list of related topics; each entry being linked to the relevant ships (Section 6). Finally, there is a bibliography of primary and secondary sources accessed and referenced during the research. James Dano Troy characterised the nineteenth- century mariners in this short phrase: ‘when I was a sailor, we had timber boats sailed by iron men’ (Hackett). In the present work, the result of decades of research, I resolved that I would memorialise these long dead and mostly forgotten sailors of my family and the nineteenth-century Cork fleets. Although the record is often defective and many of these skilled and courageous men remain anonymous, I feel that my small success in uncovering a moderate number of names and details makes this endeavour a fitting tribute to the mariners as well as an invaluable tool for future researchers.

John Sutton February 2022

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Fig. 4: View from Queenstown to the Cork harbour entrance with Spike Island in the foreground, c. 1900.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

My appreciation, First, to my dear wife Cyndi for all her assistance, now about a decade ago, in setting me on the path to discovery of my nineteenth-century Cork Sutton ancestors. Next, to my father, Dr Thomas Sutton, 1911 – 97, a very kindly man and an amusing raconteur who, while he could only provide a rudimentary family tree, shared his boyhood memories of wonderful summers at the O’Keeffe family f arm at Kilcrea and of one magical summer’s day out in Cork Harbour on a dredger with his uncle, Captain Nathaniel Sutton, the Cork harbourmaster. Thirdly, to my wife Cyndi and to my brother Michael Sutton, for all their enthusiastic support as I meandered through nineteenth-century maritime Cork, and for persuading me to record my findings.

Then, to Andy Kelly, a Waterford man, for the many beautiful illustrations he provided and for a trove of valuable reading material on Irish sailing ships.

And to Cli odhna O’Leary for her early guidance on information management.

And, to the many contacts who contributed from Clonakilty, Kinsale, Bandon, Cork City, Passage West, Ballinacurra and Youghal. Also from counties Waterford, Wexford, and Dublin and more remotely from Wales, Scotland, England, Australia and America.

Finally, to Gillian Boazman for her patience and skill in development of the sectional presentations, and for her fine editorial abilities in organising a final cohesive document.

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3. NINETEENTH-CENTURY CORK SUTTON MARINERS

The West Cork Suttons were late arrivals in Ireland and the first Sutton recorded in this area of the county of Cork was Robert Sutton, vicar of Desertserges and Kilbrogan in 1615. The male first name choices over the next couple of centuries would remain similar, suggesting the West Cork Sutton families came from a common stock and were quite separate from the Suttons of Wexford. While the West Cork families were employed in a variety of endeavours, one branch of the West Cork Suttons became merchant mariners.

From Ring to Cork City by way of Kinsale (c.1790 – 1830)

Many of the harbours of West Cork suffered from a process of sedimentation that began after the last Ice Age around 12,000 years ago. It is possible that the tsunami resulting from the Lisbon earthquake in 1755 may have accelerated this process but unfortunately no documentary proof of this exists. A major Irish historian of the period, Lewis, writing in 1832 does not mention it. However, a certain amount of folklore has been passed down, such as the destruction of the Inishannon bridge by the wave of the tsunami and the consequential limiting of up- river passage to Collier’s Quay, three kilometres below Inishannon. At Clonakilty it was probably long-term sedimentation rather than an extreme weather event that caused cargo to be landed at the outer harbour of Ring, one mile below the town and mostly ferried in and out of the town by smaller vessels. Channel maintenance was carried out by sandlighters (Appendix 6: Ports of Clonakilty, Courtmacsherry, Kinsale and Bandon; Sandlighters). Changes in the fortunes of the West Cork ports, whether caused by silting or tsunami, were reflected in the nineteenth-century crew lists which document very few mariners from Bandon and Timoleague, while Kinsale, Courtmacsherry and Clonakilty supplied seamen in considerable numbers. The Suttons, as successful entrepreneurs, gravitated from their local port of Clonakilty to the larger centre of Kinsale and finally to the busiest port in the county, Cork.

Ring

The silting of Clonakilty Bay saw the Sutton mariners come to reside in Ring at the turn of the nineteenth century. They had their own pier at Ring harbour in 1822: ’where they unloaded coal, timber, fertilizer and animal f eedstuffs for Clonakilty and surrounding areas’ (Kingston 2017). Later in the nineteenth century the Suttons sent their coal horses from Cork city to Ring to recuperate during the summer months. Ring was such a successful harbour at the end of the eighteenth century that other local ports were detrimentally affected. An article in the Hibernian Chronicle (1786) reported that: A mob of ruffians was dispatched to Ring in the dead of night by unscrupulous merchants from the towns of Kinsale and Bandon. They burned the mills and warehouses and even boarded the schooners anchored in the bay, cutting down the masts of several of them.

It was here, at Ring, that the first generation of Suttons, Robert Sutton (b.1761) and Catherine Murphy (b.1772) had five mariner sons. These were Nathaniel (b.1794), Thomas (b.1797/98),

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George (b.1804), Abraham (b.1813) and William (b.1814). This core group, along with their uncle, Captain John Sutton (b.c.1775) would provide Cork with four generations of master mariners through the nineteenth century. This made a total of more than fifty sailing ship captains, from the Sutton extended family, of which seventeen carried the surname Sutton.

Kinsale

Kinsale, the Cork provisioning port of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, saw most of its naval functions transferred to Cork by 1800. Despite this, Kinsale retained third place in volume of sea-trade after Cork and Youghal, throughout the nineteenth century. However, unlike Cork, Kinsale’s merchant fleet, did not expand in the decades after the Napoleonic War period (1803 – 15) (Thuiller). The second generation of Sutton mariners born to Robert and Catherine moved from Ring to Kinsale. George Sutton became an apprentice, at age twelve, on the Union of Kinsale (47t) from 1816 – 20, before becoming mate on sloop Industry of Kinsale (64t) from 1820 – 6 and finally becoming Master of the schooner Friends of Kinsale (57t) from 1827 – 9. His uncle, John Sutton and his older brother, Nathaniel Sutton, were captains on the Industry , 1824 – 36, with a younger brother, William, as a seaman on the same sloop 1834 –5. This followed William’s apprenticeship on the sloop Nancy (43t) of Kinsale, 1830 – 34, under his older brother, Captain Thomas Sutton. This period in Kinsale for the Suttons witnessed the birth of the third generation of mariners in the family, who moved to Cork city in the mid-1830s.

Shipping out of Cork (1835 – 50)

Fig. 5: Extract from 1835 Register of Seaman, UK Nat. Archives BT120, showing Sutton mariners (Image copyright. Kind permission granted from National Archives, Kew) .

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Close connections: the second-generation Suttons

The First Register of Seamen in 1835 provides an update on the five Clonakilty-born Suttons, demonstrating their services on Jane & Mary Anne , William Brown , Industry , Hannah and James Carmichael (Fig. 5; Appendix 6: Register of Seamen). The close family relationships between these five brother mariners are affirmed by the names of their children, which reference their grandparents. Among the known first-born male children were four Roberts, three of whom became master mariners. Five of the known first-born female children were named Catherine (with one Mary Catherine). Three of these five married master mariners. The name of Abraham, the second youngest of the brothers, was unique to the West Cork mariner Suttons. The brothers George, Abraham and William Sutton had sons, Abraham George (b.1842), Abraham Jr (b.1849) and Abraham William (b.1840). The close relationships between the Suttons are underlined by records of wills and baptismal sponsorship. Fig. 14 (Section 4) shows that Abraham and George were administrators of the will of their brother Thomas. In 1840 a baptismal record indicates that Abraham Sutton was godfather to his brother William’s son, Abraham William Sutton. William’s daughter Catherine had family friend Captain John Twohig (b.1804) of Kin sale and Nathaniel Sutton’s wife, Joanna (Donovan) Sutton, as sponsors in 1844. William was sponsor for Abraham’s daughter, Margaret in 1845. George Sutton and his soon-to-be wife, Margaret Carthy, were sponsors for Nathaniel’s daughter, Margaret (b.1826). Outside the tight family group of the five brothers there is a Captain John Sutton (b.c.1775) possibly a younger brother of Robert. His history of occupation at sea intertwines with his five nephews ( Lloyd’s ). John Sutton and Robert Sutton appear as signature witnesses on a Voyage Agreement and Crew List for Thomas Sutton’s Herbert , in the first part of 1845 (BT98). The only viable adult family members with those names at that time were Captain John Sutton (b.c.1775) and Robert Sutton (b.1803/4), the shipwright, who was a son or nephew to Captain John Sutton and therefore a cousin or brother to the five Clonakilty master mariners enumerated in Ring above. A further brother of the five, William Sutton (b.1812) was documented by a Clonakilty baptismal record as a son of Robert and Catherine, but was likely to have died in infancy, since strong evidence suggests Captain William (b.1814) was also a brother. There is another Sutton seaman, William Sutton (b.1810, #17874), who is recorded as being a mariner of twenty-five years old on the George Lawrence of Cork. He died on the third of January 1840 at St Jaga de Cuba (BT112/66). His relationship to the rest of the family is unclear.

Browns and Suttons: interlocking businesses

In 1776, forty per cent of all ships built in Ireland were built in Cork and a further forty per cent of ship construction was divided between Dungarvan and Waterford. During the Napoleonic War, Dublin, with 300 shipwrights, became the main shipbuilding centre in Ireland but suffered a major decline after the war. Cork re-emerged slowly and by 1826 was responsible for forty-one per cent of the tonnage launched in the whole country.

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The Brown Shipyard in Passage West was established in 1832 and contributed many vessels to the Cork shipping fleet, although Brown family members were constructing ships prior to that date such as the schooner William Brown in 1829, the brigantine Charlotte in 1826, and possibly the schooner Friends in 1824. The schooners listed in Fig. 5 above: Jane & Mary Anne and Hannah were also built by the Browns of Passage West and William Sutton later captained the Brown schooner Anne 1839 – 44. The Suttons were closely associated with the Browns, both sailing on their ships and purchasing them. The Review of Voyage Agreements and Crew Lists for Cork ships in 1845 (UK National Archives BT 98, 615-617) lists the five second generation Sutton captains in Cork. George was Master of the Brown/Sutton brigantine Alexandrina Victoria , Abraham, Master of the Brown/Sutton schooner Girl I Love , Thomas, Master of the Crenin/Sutton brigantine Herbert , William, Master of the Sutton brigantine Mary , and Nathaniel, Master of the Brown brigantine Robert Lawe , with his son Robert (b.1829) as an apprentice.

Other Sutton information from the 1840s

Abraham Sutton retired from the sea in 1846 to manage the family business and with George bought properties in Cork for coal yards and stables. The family continued to purchase ships and they conducted considerable trade with ports outside the Irish Sea area but much of their coastal trade was with coal ports on the Bristol Channel. The latter ports did not welcome Irish emigration in the post-Famine period. Thus, Captain William Sutton was fined fifty pounds at Newport, Wales in 1849, when destitute passengers were disembarked from the Mary on the bank of the Usk river. An admonition was given to Irish captains: ‘all masters bringing Irish paupers here in a similarly illegal manner may expect the same treatment’ (historical article in South Wales Argus 1986 ). However, some of those who landed illegally must have prospered, as by the end of the century Newport would boast a large Irish population, including physicians from the Cork Sutton mariner families (Appendix 6: Medical Profession).

Generational change from the economically thriving Cork of 1850 until 1902

In the first half of the nineteenth century, the port of Cork experienced an eightfold increase in shipping tonnage. This was mostly made up of timber barks, brigantines and schooners as at this point steamers accounted for only ten per cent of tonnage (Bielenberg). In 1840 Cork had 368 vessels with a 32,870 registered tonnage and by 1854 had 409 vessels with an excess of 50,000 registered tonnage (Anderson). In 1830 forty per cent of the Cork shipping fleets in the Section 4 catalogue, was constructed in Cork, while British North America, which contributed few ships prior to the 1820s, accounted for fifty per cent in the 1830s. After 1850 the Canadian Maritime Provinces and Quebec supplied over sixty per cent (See Section 4: Catalogue of Sailing Ships) and this origin was reflected in Sutton ship acquisitions. The second half of the century would see the percentage of steamships in the Cork fleet increase, notably from Ebenezer Pike’s Cork Steamship Company, a decline in the Cork constr uction of sailing ships and the ascendancy of shipbuilding in Belfast.

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Third generation master mariner Suttons

Four of Robert Sutton ’ s (b.1761) sons produced the third generation of master mariners. Nathaniel Sutton (b.1794) had three sons, Robert (b.1829), Nathaniel (b.1835) and George Nathaniel (b.1842), who would captain Sutton ships into the 1870s. His daughters, Catherine and Margaret, married Captains Jeremiah Walsh (b.1815) and Denis Whelan (b.1820), both of Dungarvan, and had multiple mariner sons. Thomas Sutton (b.1797/8) had a daughter, Catherine, who married another Dungarvan man, Captain John Gibbons (b.1823). George Sutton (b.1804) had three master mariner sons, Robert (b.1832), John (b.1834) and George (b.1836), while his daughter, Catherine, married Captain Nicholas Reynolds (b.1821), who belonged to another significant Cork family of sea captains. George’s son, Captain Robert Sutton (b.1832), continued to sail on the Nancy McSweeney into the 1890s. William Sutton (b.1814) had one master mariner son, Robert (b.1836), who sailed on Sutton ships for several years before moving on to Liverpool in the 1860s. His second son Abraham William (b.1840) became a chandler and his daughter Catherine married a rope manufacturer. Three of the second-generation brothers died in the mid-nineteenth century. Nathaniel Sutton died in 1849, possibly as a result of the collision of the Robert Lawe with a sunken wreck when approaching Lynn. Thomas Sutton drowned when the Asiatic sunk (See Asiatic ). William Sutton died in 1860. Thomas Sutton’s daughter, Catherine Gibbons, died in September 1849 and was buried with her grandparents, Robert and Catherine Sutton, at Lislee cemetery about 5.5mls eas t of Ring and Nathaniel Sutton’s wife, Joanna (Donovan), was buried in the same grave in 1853. This indicated the strong family bond and ties of place that animated the Sutton family and demonstrated that Nathaniel must have died far from home as he is not recorded in this family grave.

Development of land-based Sutton marine industries

In 1855 George Sutton (b.1804) had two active master mariner sons (Robert and John) when he retired from the captaincy of Girl I Love and from seafaring. George and his brother Abraham, of the second generation, then divided the family business, completing the process by 1856. George Sutton was joined by his non-mariner son, Abraham George Sutton (b.1842), and they traded as George Sutton & Son , White Street, at the junction of Union and George’s Quays. Abraham was joined by his son, Robert Sutton (b.1839), at 1 South Mall, with facilities on Union and Lapps Quays. Later, with his non-mariner sons, Abraham Jr (b.1849) and George Abraham (b. 1852), he would open branch stores and form Abraham Sutton & Sons. These third generation Sutton businessmen, Abraham George Sutton and his cousin George Abraham Sutton served as Cork Harbour Commissioners (mercantile representatives) 1869- 98, and Abraham’s brother, George Sutton Jr (b.1836), was a Cork Harbour Commissioner (City Council representative) for much of the period from 1883 to 1914. Captain Nathaniel Sutton (b.1835, Kinsale) was deputy Harbour Master in Queenstown 1873-83 and coxswain of the Queenstown Lifeboat before becoming Cork Harbour Master and Bailiff from 1883 to 1917.

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Fig. 6: View towards Victoria Quay, with Albert Quay and Cork City Hall on the right. Robert Sutton, the shipwright, had a yard, residence and spirit store on Victoria Road, close to where it joined Victoria Quay.

Other family members contributed to the Cork maritime community as shipowners, steam tug owners and operators, ship agents and sailmakers, while Robert Sutton (born c.1804, second generation, see above) was a shipwright with premises on Victoria Road near Victoria Quay (Fig. 6). Abraham Sutton later had a coal yard on this property in 1871. The last two of the second generation’s major figures died within four years of ea ch other: George Sutton in 1882 and Abraham Sutton in 1886. Fourth-generation Suttons including Captains Nathaniel Sutton (b.1855), George Sutton (b.1856), George Lane Sutton (b.1865) and Abraham Sutton (b.1867), continued service on Sutton sailing ships as did Mate Thomas Sutton (b.1871). However, times were changing for these mariner families and the late decades of the century saw many young members abandoning the life at sea, most notably for the field of medicine. The Sutton sailing ships dwindled in number. The iron-hulled sailing collier George Sutton was lost returning from Newcastle with coal in 1883. The brigantine Camilla was wrecked near Tramore, returning to Cork with coal in 1885. The iron-hulled steamship Abraham Sutton was purchased by George Abraham Sutton in 1883; the port or registration and possibly ownership, moved to Glasgow in 1892. She was wrecked on shoals voyaging from Sydney, Cape Breton to Halifax, Nova Scotia later that year. Captain Nicholas Reynolds owned the

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brigantine Margaret Sutton until 1889; she ended her days at Plymouth in 1916. The brigantine Ellen Sutton , owned by George Sutton Jr, was decommissioned in 1894.

Fig. 7: Figurehead of the Ellen Sutton of Cork (Courtesy of Erica McCarthy and the Newport Museum, Wales) .

The coal supply chain for Cork would however continue and George Sutton’s son Abraham George (b.1842) guided the business into the twentieth century. Its operation moved to Batchelor’s Quay but the company disappeared from the records in 1916. Abraham Sutton’s sons, Abraham Sutton Junior and George Abraham and grandson Abraham Edward (Braham) Sutton (b.1872) established Suttons Ltd In 1902. This company enjoyed much success in the twentieth century and had a considerable international business.

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Topography of Sutton residences and businesses in Cork

Fig. 8: Late nineteenth-century tram map of the centre of Cork city showing the North and South channels of the River Lee and locations of residences and businesses of the Sutton extended family. Fig. 8 illustrates the position of the Sutton and extended Sutton family residences and businesses, as well as indicating major public buildings of the city. In the top righthand corner of the map, the northeast of the city, many extended family members, Suttons, Reynolds, Walshs, Whelans and Donovans had residences on Summerhill and in its surrounds: St Luke’s church and Wellington Road. Captain Nicholas Reynolds (b.1821) lived with his wife, Catherine Sutton, nex t door to George (b.1804) and Margaret Sutton (Catherine’s parents) at 38 Wellington Road. Looking to the south of the map, Douglas Street, Dunbar Street, Evergreen Street and Evergreen Road proved popular as mariner residences. Abraham William Sutton (b.1840), son of second- generation William Sutton resided in Sunday’s Well and Glenbrook on the west of the city (not on this map). Abraham Sutton & Sons had their primary business on the north side of the South Channel by the bridge at 1 South Mall, with a ship chandlery on Union Quay (1863) and Lapp’s Quay (1870) and several coal stores including Union Quay (1863) and Lapp’s Quay (1875) near the Custom House (Fig. 10). These are in the central part of the map. George Sutton & Son had their business on the south side of the South Channel on White Street between Union Quay and George’s Quay. The Twohig family had premises on Union Quay. George Sutton Junior

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(b.1836) and Andrew Donovan (b.1834) operated Sutton & Donovan Sailmakers at Morrison’s Quay, opposite Union Quay (1870) and Warren Place (1881). Captain Jeremiah Collins (b.1854) ran a coal business on George’s Quay.

Fig. 9: Captain Nathaniel Sutton with Cork Harbour Authority Board c.1911 ( Courtesy of Annabelle (Sutton) Murray, Sydney, Australia ).

Slightly further north, on the south of the North Channel of the Lee, lies Merchants Quay and Nathaniel Sutton (b.1835, third generation) held property there in 1863 prior to moving to Bellevue Terrace, Queenstown, his residence while Deputy Harbour Master (1873 – 83). His promotion to Cork Harbour Master (1883 – 1917) brought him back to Cork city where he resided on Summerhill at Empress Place and later Eagle Lodge. Opposite his early Merchant’s Quay property, his widowed sister-in-law, Mary Anne (Sexton) Sutton, ran a grocery store on the north side of the Channel for many years at 30 Patrick’s Quay (Laing’s 1863). Mary Anne had been married to Robert Sutton (third generation and son of Nathaniel) and would, in retirement, live with her son-in-law Captain Denis Driscoll (b.1838) in Monkstown (see Amaranth ). Victoria Quay, at the confluence of the North and South Channels, was convenient to Robert Sutton (b.1803/04), the shipwright, who had his residence, yard and a spirit business at 2, 3, 4 Victoria Road (Fig. 6). He was previously resident at Fish Street. Marine-related businesses were operated by Sutton family members at Warren Place, Lapp’s Quay, and Union Quay. Abraham William Sutton (b.1840), son of second-generation William Sutton (b.1814), was the chandler at Warren Place during the 1870s and 1880s (Slater’s Directory 1870/81; Guy’s Directory 1884). Warren Place, which ran f rom the south bank of the North Channel toward the north bank of the South Channel at the intersection between Lapp’s Quay and the South Mall, later saw a name change to Parnell Place. George Sutton was joined by his non-mariner son, Abraham George Sutton (b.1842), as George Sutton & Son at White Street at the junction of Union and George’s Quays. The early façade of the coal store at Lapp’s Quay is captured on the top left to centre of the photo ( Fig. 10). This was the one of

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the business premises of Abraham Sutton and Sons . Across the bridge, from Lapp’s Quay lay Albert Quay, running west to east. Just off Albert Quay were the Cork Municipal buildings and the old City Hall (Fig. 6 above). To the east of Albert Quay Is Victoria Quay, the last component of the three-mile-long Lee Navigation Wall, completed 1863 (Appendix 6: Port of Cork; Fig. 45).

Fig. 10: Lapp’s Quay with the façade of Abraham Sutton & Sons coal store in centre. The Custom House, at the confluence of the North and South channels, is in the background. It was designed by Abraham Hargrave and completed by his son, William Hargrave in 1818. It was leased in 1904 by the Cork Harbour Commissioners for 999 years (Photo courtesy of Susan Bayne Sutton) .

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4. CATALOGUE OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY SAILING SHIPS AND THEIR CREWS

Fig. 11: Rob Roy, Troubadour, Victor, Jonadab and Queen Victoria , outward bound from Youghal Harbour (Photo courtesy of Andrew Kelly). ABEONA

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type:

Nova Scotia, 1838

137t; Brig

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

Capt&Co

Coastal and foreign trade

1837 – 47 James Attridge b.1805 (Castletownsend) 1847 Jeremiah Chard b.1800 (Castletownsend) 1841 – 2 Richard Atteridge b.1820 (Castletownsend) An emigrant ship during the Famine. Arrival at St John, New Brunswick, 6 July 1847. Thirty-seven days out from Cork with seventy-three passengers, under Captain Attridge. There was one death on board (Appendix: Emigrant ships) Abeona was the Roman goddess of outward-bound journeys. Captain James Attridge provided dates that are hard to contest, since he was the owner of this vessel. He and his mate presented slightly different name spellings but were undoubtedly related. Subsequently, from 1848 – 55, James Attridge became the respected master of the 408t Quebec- built emigrant barque, Jeanie Johnston , of Tralee. This vessel carried over 2000 Irish passengers across the Atlantic without

Mate:

Fate of ship:

Additional information:

18

loss of life (Miles). This was a unique and remarkable record for a ‘coffin ship’ (James Murphy per.com). Then, after surviving the foundering and sinking of the Wilson Kennedy in the Bay of Fundy in 1856, he retired, returned to Cork and settled in Passage West. Here he served the reminder of his days as Harbour Master with an office on Strand Street (Guy’s). Captain Jeremiah Chard (b.1800, Castletownsend) served on several Cork vessels and enjoyed an interesting apprenticeship (see the Joseph ). Lloyd’s ; UK M&M; Guy’s Directory 1875 -6; Miles, All standing ; James Murphy (Passage West Maritime Museum); New Brunswick Courier .

References:

ACADIA

Place and date built: Tonnage/Vessel type

Nova Scotia, 1844 124t; Brigantine

Home port:

Kinsale/Cork McDaniel&

Owner: Activity: Master:

Coaster

1846 – 8 Timothy Donovan b.1805 (Kinsale)#6047 1848 – 52 William Dempsey b.1809 (Kinsale)

Fate of ship:

Unknown.

Additional information:

Captain Timothy/Thade Donovan was married on 22 Nov 1832 to Julia Dempsey of Scilly, Kinsale. Their son Andrew Donovan (b.1834) married Margaret Sutton, daughter of Captain George Sutton (b.1804, Clonakilty), on 12 April 1866 at St Pat’s Cork. Andrew and M argaret’s son, Dr Daniel Michael Donovan (b.1877, Cork), is buried with his wife, Margaret Philomena (Healy) Donovan (b.1878), in the grave plot of Captain George Sutton, located in Section 5 of St Joseph’s Cemetery, Cork City. Captain Donovan had a long association with Captain William Dempsey who was probably his brother-in-law ( Grand Master ). #UK Nat Arch BT112; Lloyd’s ; UK M&M; Sutton family history.

References

ACTIVE

Place and date built: Tonnage/Vessel type

Digby, Nova Scotia, 1851

88t; Schooner

Home port:

Cork

Owner:

A Sutton, W Gray

19

Activity: Master:

Coaster

1866 Denis Farasy b.1831 (Clonakilty)* 1866-7 Edward Walsh b.1846 (Cork)* 1870 – 73, William Gray, b.1824 (Carrigtwohill)*

Apprentice: Fate of ship:

1870 John Gray b.1855 (Queenstown)*

Unknown.

Additional information:

This ship, (Reg: 39311), continued to operate until 1876. The owner, Captain Abraham Sutton (b.1813, Ring, Clonakilty), was a brother of Captain George Sutton b.1804 and was the oldest known Abraham Sutton of several Abraham Suttons in this mariner family. Subsequent owner William Gray lived on Fish St in Cork and subsequently owned and operated a 29t sloop in the coastal trade. While he was an active captain, IMNCL papers indicate he lacked certification which was quite common in the late years of sail. Another Cork schooner with the same name was wrecked in the storm of 22 Jan 1862 near Tramore with loss of all the crew. Many ships were lost in that same storm off the south coast of Ireland. Captain Denis Farasy (b.1831, Clonakilty) sailed in various capacities on other Sutton ships including Garland , Charles , Eagle and Egmont . Captains Edward Walsh (b.1846, Cork) and Edmund Walsh are identified by IMNCL reports as masters of this vessel; they are one and the same. Edmund provides his certificate number (Cert: 81.835) in IMNCL records, which identifies him as Edward Walsh in UK M&M. Captain Edward Walsh (Cork) was the second master mariner son of Captain Jeremiah Walsh b.1815 (Dungarvan/Waterford) married to Catherine Sutton and therefore a grandson of Captain Nathaniel Sutton b.1794 (Clonakilty).

References:

*IMNCL; CLIP; UK M&M; Sutton Family History.

ADELAIDE

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type

Galway 1831 79t; Schooner

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

McDonagh, D Sweeney

Coastal trade

1832 John McDonagh b.1816 (Galway)

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1832 – 3 W. Murdock 1833 – 6 John Murrow b.1796 (Pembroke, Wales) 1838 – 44 W. Jones

Fate of ship:

Unknown.

Additional information:

Captain McDonogh, whom Lloyd’s names as the first captain of this ship, was most probably Captain John McDonogh (b.1816) of Galway. Obviously, at just sixteen years, he was too young to be a sea captain. His UK M&M paperwork shows that he continued to captain ships as a teenager from 1833 onward. It is likely that he sailed this Galway-built family vessel to Cork and that Lloyd’s listed him as the captain unti l W Murdock took over.

References:

Lloyd’ s; UK M&M.

ADELAIDE

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type

Newfoundland 1835

138t; Schooner

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

Lefebure, Coates&C

Coastal trade

1840 Badcock 1844 Josiah Hughes b.1818 (Youghal) 1841 – 2 William Felkins b.1823 (Cove)

Seaman:

Fate of ship:

Lost. Lloyd’s Register for 1844 listed this schooner Adelaide as missing. Lefebure & Coates also had experience with steamers. The first vessel of note from [George] Robinson’s Yards was the famous old paddle steamer Cork Screw , built in 1835 for Coates & Lebefure. It was to run in opposition to the St George Steam Packet Company ships on the Cork-Liverpool route. Lebefure & Coates later teamed up with another shipowner, Thomas Somerville Reeves (1789 – 1868) in the 1846 purchase of the 209t screw steamer Rattler to compete against Ebenezer Pike’s City of Cork Steam Packet Company. However, they failed to capture the cross-channel market. Rattler was rigged as a two-masted schooner, fitted with a fifty horse-power engine, had good sailing qualities and would later cross the Atlantic under sail (Anderson) (see T S Reeves ).

Additional information:

Lefebure and Barry would own the schooner Ballinacurra Lass , built in Youghal 1846.

Captain J. Hughes in Lloyd’s was likely Josiah Hughes (b.1818, Youghal), who did not declare captaincy of Adelaide in his UK

21

M&M papers. He was either not the captain or preferred not to draw attention to the demise of the ship.

Seaman William Felkins would next serve as Mate on the T S Reeves 1842 – 3. He earned his Master Certificate in 1853. Lloyd’s; UK M&M; Anderson, Sailing ships of Ireland ; O’Brien , Blackwater and Bride.

References

ADELAIDE

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type:

Bridport 1831 117t; Schooner

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

Coates&C, Barry&C

Coastal trade

1844 – 7 J. Baily 1847 – 55 Matthew Foley b.1810 (Dungarvan)

Fate of ship:

Unknown.

Additional information:

The Barrys followed the Coates as owners and invested heavily in Cork shipping. Lefebure had a history of joint ownership ventures with both the Coates and Barrys (see the other schooner Adelaide built in Newfoundland 1835) Captain Mathew Foley was one of many Dungarvan mariners in the Cork fleet, emphasizing the importance that Dungarvan held as a seafaring centre prior to the twentieth century. He was previously the captain on Harry King and James Carmichael . Lloyd’s ; UK M&M (Bridport); Anderson, Sailing ships of Ireland .

References

AENEAS

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type:

Prince Edward Island 1839

141/98t; Schooner

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

Ryan & Co

Coastal and foreign trade

1841 – 6 Cashman 1845 – 6 John Towell b.1794 (Cork) 1846 – 8 William Carroll b.1814 (Cove) 1849 – 50 John Cadigan b.1816 (Passage West) 1849 – 55 John Cook b.1823 (Bandon) 1844 – 6 John Cadigan b.1816 (Passage West) 1852 – 3 Michael Lehan b.1825 (Cork)

Mate:

22

Fate of ship:

An emigrant ship during the Famine. Arrival at St John, New Brunswick 26 June 1847. This schooner was twenty-eight days out from Cork with sixty-two passengers (Appendix: Emigrant Ships). Sprang a leak and was beached at Dungarvan, Waterford, 17 January 1854. She was on a voyage from Newport to Cork (List of Shipwrecks - Wiki). Stranded and declared a wreck 19 October 1862 (Unseaworthy Ship Commission). The latter event was further confirmed to have occurred on 19 October 1862, when the schooner was wrecked on Flat Holm, Glamorgan with loss of two lives (List of Shipwrecks - Wiki)

Additional information:

This ship sailed to Lisbon and North America.

Captain William Carroll commenced his apprenticeship at the age of thirteen on an Aberdeen vessel trading with New South Wales and the East Indies in 1824, before his service on vessels out of Calcutta. He sailed on London vessels trading with America and the West Indies before taking a mate position on Try Again of Cork in 1832. Captain John Cook commenced his apprenticeship 1840-41 at the age of sixteen on the Kinsale vessel George in coastal trade, followed by three years on a British Naval vessel. He was later Mate on Ocean in American trade during 1849 and obtained his Master Certificate at the Port of Cork in 1851, at which time he provided a Sunday’s Well address.

References

Lloyd’s ; UK M&M; New Brunswick Courier .

ALARM

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type:

Prince Edward Island 1838

201/186t; Brigantine

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

Dawson &

Coastal and transatlantic trade

1845 – 7 John Leonard b.1815 (Kinsale) 1848 – 51 Jeremiah Casey b.1820 (Glandore) 1845 Philip McDaniel b.1818 (Youghal)

Mate:

Fate of ship:

Unknown.

Additional information:

This ship voyaged to New Brunswick and Boston.

Captain John Leonard subsequently appears in Lloyd’s to replace Captain Patrick Leonard (b.1828, Kinsale) as captain of the Enterprize in 1847 while becoming captain of the Atlantic

23

in both Lloyd’s and UK M&M. Errors in both are not uncommon; Lloyd’s is so metimes less precise on captaincies.

Captain Jeremiah Casey (b.1820, Glandore) commenced his apprenticeship in 1842 on the Prince Edward Island/Cork brig the Rising Sun in transatlantic trade. While Master of the Alarm he specified Mexico, United States and Mediterranean trade.

References

Lloyd’s ; UK M&M.

ALBERT

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type:

Brooklyn US, 1855 306/242t; Brigantine

Home port:

Youghal

Owner: Activity: Master:

Arthur Cosgrave, Patrick Gorman

Foreign and Coastal trade

1876 John Mathias b.1824 (Cardigan)* 1877 – 83 Patrick Walsh b.1842 (Youghal)* 1886 William Burke b.1849 (Youghal)* 1886 – 9 Michael Kelly b.1856 (Youghal)* 1878 – 81 Michael Loughlin b.1852 (Youghal)* 1879 John McDonald b.1838 (Youghal)* 1880 John Appleton b.1834 (Whitby)*

Mate:

Fate of ship:

Unknown

Additional information:

Voyage description in 1879: Dingle-Port of Tralee-Quebec- thence back to Youghal.

A single voyage was documented to Miramichi and British North America; otherwise, she was in coastal trade. Miramichi is northwest of Prince Edward Island in New Brunswick.

Patrick Gorman was a Youghal coal merchant and shipowner with a public house and grocery in Market Square, Youghal.

Captain John Mathias lived in Ballinacurra and sailed on Youghal ships during the second half of the nineteenth century. His son John would serve under him as an apprentice and as a mate on Victo r and would earn his Master Certificate in 1894. Captain Patrick Walsh sailed on several Youghal ships and earned his Master Certificate in 1877. Captain William Burke had been a seaman on Patrick Gorman’s schooner Anderida in 1874. *IMNCL; CLIP; UK M&M; Slater ’ s National Commercial Directory, 1881.

References

24

ALBION

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type:

New Brunswick 1824

305t; Snow

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

Hargraves& Foreign trade

1825 William Stewart b.1775 (Cove) 1825 – 8 John Mills b. 1797 (North Shields) 1826 – 35 Abel Isaac b.1801 (Carmarthen)

Fate of ship:

Emigrant ship in 1847 (Appendix: Famine and emigration) Captain William Stewart was almost certainly the W Stewart in Lloyd’s . He moved to the Mary Russell in 1826 and was responsible for multiple murders on that vessel in 1827 ( Mary Russell, this Catalogue 4; Appendix 6: ‘Murders at sea’. Captains John Mills and Abel Isaac indicated this ship to have been in American trade. Cork to Quebec trade would have been likely to have included timber importation. Captain John Mills commenced his apprenticeship prior to his eleventh birthday and is confirmed by UK M&M as the Captain J Mills in Lloyd’s. Captain Abel Isaac also commenced his apprenticeship prior to his eleventh birthday.

Additional information:

References:

Lloyd’s ; UK M&M.

ALBION

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type

Nova Scotia 1834

313t; Barque

Home port:

Youghal

Owner: Activity: Master:

Scott&Co, Pim&Co

Foreign trade

1841 – 4 A Webster 1841 – 5 William Errington b.1807 (Queenstown) 1849 – 54 Charles Daly b.1800 (Queenstown) 1855 – 60 S Hanlon 1840 – 3 John Sedgwick Savery b.1817 (Cork) 1847 Redmond Bransfield b.1821 (Queenstown) 1849 – 50 Richard Sheehan b.1826 (Queenstown) 1850 Edward Long b.1827 (Bandon) 1854 James Hanlon b. 1833 (Youghal) 1841 – 2 Patrick Hart b.1815 (Crosshaven) Emigrant ship in 1847 (Appendix: Famine and emigration)

Mate:

Seaman:

Fate of ship:

25

Additional information:

Engaged in Quebec trade in early 1840s. Cork-Mediterranean trade in late 1850s (O’Brien) .

Captain Errington indicated this ship to have been in the timber trade in the early 1840s. Captain Charles Daly stated she was in North American trade in the late 1840s. Probably the importation of timber for Cork and the exportation of emigrants. In 1854 Captain Charles Daly renewed his Master Certificate, which was mislaid while he was removing his effects after the sale of the ship. His service dates on the Albion were derived from his UK M&M records. Captain S Hanlon’s name and dates were only provided by Niall O’Brien. However, UK Nat Archives BT 112 does document a Stephen Hanlon (b.1811, Youghal) as a seaman on Betsy of Cork in 1837 - rather speculative! Mate James Hanlon (b.1833, Youghal) was boatswain in 1854 and his name suggests he was related to Captain S Hanlon. Lloyds; UK M&M; UK National Archives; Youghal vessels in 1860 | History Exploration with Niall (wordpress.com)

References:

ALBION

Place and date built: Tonnage/ Vessel type

Tatma 1841

255t; Brig

Home port:

Cork

Owner: Activity: Master:

Scott&Co

Foreign trade

1844 – 6 Thomas Howell b.1812 (Solva, Pembrokeshire) 1846 – 7 Henry Bowman b.1789 (Deal, Kent) 1848 – 55 D. Driscoll 1840 – 2 James Hughes Tunbridge b.1818 (Dublin) 1842 David Manning b.1814 (London) 1843 Samuel Hughes b.1821 (Cork) 1847 William Raine b. 1798 (Sunderland) 1847 – 9 James Hughes Tunbridge b.1818 (Dublin) 1849 – 50 David Sullivan b.1826 (Queenstown) 1850 Edward Long b.1827 (Bandon) 1854 John Hegarty b.1828 (Queenstown)

Mate:

Seaman:

1849 John Ronayne b.1819 (Rostellan)

Fate of ship:

Unknown.

Additional information:

Tatamagouche, a nineteenth-century shipbuilding centre, is located just west of Pictou and southwest of Prince Edward Island. Note that two Cork Canadian-built Albions are listed here: a barque and a brig. Traded between Cork and Quebec, while Mate David Sullivan indicated Russia trade in 1850.

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