Diarmaid L. Fawsitt Archive Section 1 Desc. List.

Archive created by Diarmaid L. Fawsitt during the course of his public life from 1904 to 1966. Spans a wide historical period from the early days in Cork around 1904 to his Dáil Éireann posting as Irish Consul in New York in c1919-c1920 and through his civil service and legal career in the 1920s and onwards.

Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of

Section 1: Public Life Ref. IE 627/PR81/1

Cork City and County Archives Service

Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of

Section 1: Public Life Ref. IE 627/PR81/1

Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt Section 1: Public Life Ref. IE 627/PR81/1

Descriptions written by Steven Skeldon and Timothy O’Connor Archivists, Cork City and County Archives

Introduction and Editing by Brian McGee Senior Archivist, Cork City and County Archives

and Julitta Clancy

Cork City and County Archives Service

TABLE OF CONTENTS

First published in 2022 by Cork City and County Archives Service, Cork City Council, Seamus Murphy Building, 32 Great William O’Brien Street, Cork. www.corkarchives.ie

FOREWORD Councillor Colm Kelleher

FOREWORD Julitta Clancy

INTRODUCTION

XIII

IDENTITY STATEMENT

XIII

ISBN 9780-9935-59228

CONTEXT

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Creator Biographical/Administrative History Archival History CONTENT AND STRUCTURE Scope and Content/Introduction System of Arrangement CONDITIONS OF ACCESS AND USE Conditions Governing Access Conditions Governing Reproduction Language Finding Aids

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data An entry can be found onrequest.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data An entry can be found onrequest.

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All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved alone, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permissionof both the copyright owner and the above publisher of thisbook.

Design by edit+ www.stuartcoughlan.com Printed by City Print Ltd, Cork

ALLIED MATERIALS

Existence and Location of Originals

x x x

National Archives of Ireland: National Library of Ireland:

University College Dublin Archives Existence and Location of Copies

xi xi xi

This publication is funded by the Cork City Council 1920-1923 Commemorations Programme and the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media.

Related Units of Description

RULES /CONVENTIONS USED

XXI

ARCHIVISTS’ NOTE

XXI

PR81/1/1 Early Period, Cork and New York (1905-1918)

PR81/1/4 Civil Service, Provisional Government, and Irish Free State (1922-1934)

PR81/1/1/A Cork National Theatre Society, Honorary Secretary (1904-5)

135

PR81/1/1/B Recollections of the founding of the Cork Corps, Irish Volunteers 1913-1916 (1931, 1962-1966)

PR81/1/4/A Travel Documents, Permits, and other Identification Passes (1921 – 1923)

136

PR81/1/4/B Haulbowline Advisory Committee, minutes of meetings,

PR81/1/1/C Deportation from Cork and Activities in the United States of America (1915)

travel expenses and correspondence regarding Diarmaid Fawsitt’s civil service salary (Dec 1921 - Oct 1922)

138

PR81/1/1/D Secretary, Cork Industrial Development Association (1915 – 1918) 13 PR81/1/1/E Newspaper reports of the Easter Rising and copy of Sinn Fein constitution (1916) 16

PR81/1/4/C Re-organisation of Ministries and appointment of Diarmaid Fawsitt as Assistant Secretary to Minister of Industry and Commerce, Provisional Government of Ireland (Feb 1922 - Dec 1923) PR81/1/4/D Termination of Diarmaid Fawsitt’s Civil Service Employment and Reinstatement (1923 – 1934)

143

PR81/1/2 New York Consulate (Jul 1919 - Oct 1921)

161

PR81/1/2/A Appointment of Diarmaid Fawsitt to New York Consulate (1919)

PR81/1/2/B Correspondence, New York Consulate (1919 – 1924)

PR81/1/5 Industrial Development and Trade (1920s-1930s) PR81/1/5/A Files of Correspondence to and from Diarmaid Fawsitt relating to Industrial Development and Trade (1922-1923) PR81/1/5/B Articles, Broadcasts, Research, and Other Writings by Fawsitt on Industry and Trade (1921 – 1934)

205

PR81/1/2/C Irish Trade Commission of America and Correspondence with the U.S. Shipping Board (1921 – 1923)

205

PR81/1/2/D Irish Diplomatic Mission to the United States of America (1920 – 1921)

PR81/1/2/E Newspaper Articles and Public Addresses by Diarmaid Fawsitt, Irish Consul, New York (1920 – 1921) PR81/1/2/F Irish Relief Funds, Accounts of the Irish-Consul, New York, of sums received for humanitarian relief in Ireland (1920 – 1921)

266

PR81/1/5/C Trade Marks Inspector, Industrial Development Association (1924 – 1928)

272

PR81/1/2/G Consulate Office Accounts, Irish Consul, New York (1920 – 1921)

PR81/1/6 Legal Career (1928 – 1956)

275

PR81/1/6/A Legal Education and Professional Progression (1925 – 1938)

276

PR81/1/3 Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ulster Special Mission and Civil War (1921-1929) 45 PR81/1/3/A Appointment as Technical Secretary, Ministry of Economic Affairs (Sep - Nov 1921) 46 PR81/1/3/B Anglo-Irish Peace Conference and Economic Relations Committee, Ministry of Economic Affairs (c.1915 - Nov 1921) 49 PR81/1/3/C Ulster Special Mission (Nov 1921 Jan 1922) 54 PR81/1/3/D Anglo-Irish Treaty, London Negotiations (Jun - Dec 1921) 62 PR81/1/3/E Anglo-Irish Treaty, Dail Debates (Dec 1921 - May 1922) 70 PR81/1/3/F Elections to Dail Eireann (Jan - Jun 1922) 81 PR81/1/3/G Civil War (Aug 1922 - Apr 1925) 88 PR81/1/3/H Royal Irish Constabulary Weekly Intelligence Reports from the Galway Brigade (May - Dec 1921) 94 PR81/1/3/I Personal letters of correspondence to and from Diarmaid Fawsitt (Apr 1921 - Feb 1929) 99

PR81/1/6/B Files on Legal Cases, Matters, and Subjects (1929 – 1942)

279

PR81/1/6/C General Legal Correspondence (1928 – 1934)

286

PR81/1/6/D Legal Documents and Papers (1924 - 1942)

292

PR81/1/6/E Judicial Career (1941 – 1956)

298

PR81/1/7 Diarmaid Fawsitt’s Pocket, Daily, and Weekly Diaries (1920 - 1925, 1927 – 1966)

311

PR81/1/8 Interests and Membership of Organisations (1921 – 1966)

335

FOREWORD

CORK’S UNPARALLELED CONTRIBUTION to the achievement of the nation’s independence, particularly in the 1919 to 1922 period, has meant a central role for the Council in recent years in commemorating the centenary of our revolutionary decade. Through the work of the Cork City & County Archives Service , and allied services, Cork City Council plays a major role in ensuring that local archives, and other heritage collections, are preserved, promoted and made accessible for research, education, and exhibition. It is wonderful to see the generous donation of the important personal archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt , which has made it a permanent public resource. Diarmaid was a key figure in Cork during the revolutionary period, and his newly accessible archive is a major contribution to our commemorations and to our local and national cultural heritage.

Lord Mayor of Cork City, Councillor Colm Kelleher

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FOREWORD

SPANNING THE PERIOD 1904-1966 , and covering a long and varied career, this section of the Diarmaid Fawsitt Papers offers new and significant material for researchers of many hues, and Cork City and County Archives are to be commended for providing such a clear and comprehensive finding aid. Historians of the Decade of Centenaries will find much of interest, particularly in relation to diplomatic, trade and shipping endeavours in the USA during Fawsitt’s Consulate (1919-21), his work as an economic adviser to the Treaty delegation and the ‘special mission to Belfast’ (1921-22), his career in the economic and trade ministries of the new State, and reflections on the Civil War divisions and deaths (1922-23). But there is much potential here in other areas too – including local history (early 20 th century Cork), trade and industrial development (Cork IDA, Fords and the Irish IDA), and legal history (barrister and Circuit Court judge), to name but a few. The Fawsitt family preserved this extensive collection for almost 50 years at Manch and Laurel Mount, Co. Cork, and I was privileged to undertake the sorting and arrangement prior to their donation to Cork Archives in 2019. The opening up of Section 1 for research is the fulfilment of a long-held dream for all the family and we look forward to the eventual releasing of Section 2 in due course.

Reception by Lord Mayor John Sheehan for the Fawsitt Family, to mark the Donation of the Diarmaid Fawsitt archive to Cork City and County Archives Service. City Hall, Cork, 25 September 2019.

Julitta Clancy (Grand-Daughter of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt)

INTRODUCTION

IDENTITY STATEMENT

Reference:

IE 627/PR81/1

Title:

Diarmaid L. Fawsitt Archive, Section 1: Public Life

Level of description: sub-fonds Date: 1904-1966 Extent: 19 boxes

CONTEXT CREATOR Fawsitt, Diarmaid (Jeremiah / JL) | 1884-1967 | nationalist, civil servant, judge BIOGRAPHICAL/ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY FAWSITT, DIARMAID (Jeremiah) (1884–1967), nationalist, civil servant, and judge, was born Jeremiah Fawsitt 7 May 1884 at Ballymacthomas, in the Blarney Street area of Cork City, second son of Boyle Fawsitt, labourer/hide and skin valuer of Ballymacthomas, and Hannah Fawsitt (née Lucey). Following his mother’s death from typhoid fever in 1886, his father remarried in 1888 and the couple emigrated to Boston, Mass., U.S.A. where Boyle established a mercantile business. Jeremiah and brother Edward were raised by their maternal grandmother Julia Lucey (nee Twomey) in Cork and educated at the CBS, Blarney Street, and at the North Monastery. Jeremiah was attracted to economics, industrial development and nationalism in early adulthood, and in his late teens, briefly emigrated to Melbourne, Australia. Motivated by the Cork International Exhibition of 1903, he became a founder member in that year of the Cork Industrial Development Association and was its secretary (1911– 19), helping to bring the Ford motor plant to the city in 1917. An active member of the Gaelic League, he was also a founder of Ring College, Co. Waterford. Although he became known as Diarmaid rather than Jeremiah, the initials J. L. remained with him in later years. Already a member of Sinn Féin, Fawsitt enrolled in the Irish Volunteers at that movement’s inauguration (25 November 1913) in the Rotunda Rink, Dublin. He

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Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt

Context

was simultaneously admitted to the IRB and on 14 December 1913 was a founder member, alongside J.J. Walsh, Liam de Róiste, Maurice O’Connor and others, of the Cork City corps of the Volunteers at City Hall, subsequently headquartered at Fisher St., off Patrick St and later at Sheare’s Street. He thus became comprehensively involved in the national independence movement, familiar with its economic, cultural, and political branches and with its leading figures. In 1918 he went to New York to work in the tinderbox of Irish-American politics, where complex intra-nationalist rivalry threatened to damage republican support. In the summer of 1919, as Dáil Éireann established its shadow government to supplant the official British system in Ireland and the IRA launched its armed campaign, he was appointed first consul-general of the Irish Republic in the USA. Based in New York, he worked closely with Eamon de Valera, who was campaigning in 1919–20 to raise a republican loan in America. Admittedly, neither the Irish Republic nor its representatives were recognised by the US government, and the British shared with the American establishment an attitude of amusement and hostility as the Irish strove amid internal divisions to act as a sovereign power. Wisely, Fawsitt did not issue Irish passports, as the symbolic sovereignty of the Irish Republic abroad carried more credibility than a document which at best might be viewed as a curiosity. Fawsitt’s value as a diplomat in New York lay in liaison, public relations, and intelligence-gathering, and because of his long experience in commerce and shipping de Valera made him a trade representative travelling between America and Europe. He was articulate and polished, if also at times impatient and meticulous to the point of vanity, causing friction with his own compatriots if not with those Americans he sought to impress as Ireland’s ambassador abroad. According to the memoirs of his successor, Joseph Connolly, the Irish mission in New York gained enough local respect in the revolutionary period to be appreciated by all but the most pro-British of Americans. Fawsitt dealt at times with personal and domestic issues brought by Irish-Americans or immigrants lacking educated knowledge of legal and financial procedure. Every favour was invaluable currency in winning political support. Inevitably, however, he became drawn into the factional problems of Irish America, as much personal as policy-driven: when republican loan director and fellow trade representative James O’Mara fell out with Fawsitt over matters of precedence it was Harry Boland, republican political envoy to the US, who temporarily restored civility between them. If Boland favoured O’Mara, de Valera supported Fawsitt, who in turn resented Boland. Fawsitt testified at the late sessions of the American commission on conditions in Ireland, held between November 1920 and January 1921 to keep the public’s attention focused on the war while the Irish- American factions remained deadlocked. The British, although invited, remained aloof, leaving the commission open to charges of over-accommodating Irish republicans, some of whom travelled from Ireland to describe British atrocities. The commission’s final report was largely defused by the Anglo–Irish truce of 11 July 1921, after which Diarmaid Fawsitt was recalled to serve with the Irish delegation that negotiated the Anglo–Irish Treaty of 6 December. He was appointed as Technical Secretary/Advisor to Robert Barton TD, the Minister for Agriculture and Minister of Economic Affairs, in October 1921. As Barton’s advisor, Fawsitt was present at the

Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations in London until November 1921, when he was recalled to Dublin and despatched by the Cabinet on a special mission to report on economic conditions in Belfast. Fawsitt supported the Treaty and was appointed acting secretary to the Provisional Government’s department of economic affairs in January 1922. He spent some time in London, reporting back in March to Michael Collins about responses to the Treaty among the Irish in Britain, and on the Irish representative Art Ó Briain, whose opposition was suspected and later confirmed. Subsumed into the Department of Industry and Commerce in the revised ministry of August 1922, Fawsitt became assistant secretary of the department and was on the committee formed in September to create the pro-treaty Cumann na nGaedheal political party. In this position he played a role in developing the scheme for compensation and reconstruction following the burning of Cork in December 1920 and was also responsible for establishing the future management of naval facilities transferred by the British authorities at Haulbowline, Cork Lower Harbour. Unhappy with his subordinate administrative position, he took offence at the appointment of Gordon Campbell, son of the unionist Lord Glenavy, as departmental secretary. Fawsitt was understandably discommoded by this arrangement, but his intemperate reaction marked him as a potential dissenter. With the establishment of the Irish Free State in December 1922 he remained in office until August 1923, when an internal squabble on a trade mission to America became the catalyst for his dismissal. In political terms Fawsitt was a supporter of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and was a member of the General Council of Cumann na nGaedheal in May 1923. Despite being selected to stand as a pro-Treaty election candidate for Cork city during this period, Fawsitt would later identify with the Fianna Fáil party. After his career in the civil service, Fawsitt worked as an Inspector for the Irish Industrial Development Association (Incorporated), Dublin. Fawsitt became proprietor of a tobacconist’s shop on Dame St., Dublin, and studied law, qualifying at the Kings’ Inns final examination in October 1927. He was called to the bar in 1928 and took silk in 1938. An acting circuit court judge from 1941, he was fully appointed in June 1943 to the Eastern circuit and had a distinguished career, being especially sympathetic towards the poor, whose economic plight often resembled that of the petitioners from his New York days. He retired in May 1956. Fawsitt was a close associate of butter merchant James Charles (J.C.) Dowdall (1873- 1939) of Dowdall O’Mahoney Ltd, himself a founding member of the Cork Industrial Development Association, and a Fianna Fáil senator in Seanad Éireann. The Fawsitt family lived at a number of properties in Cork in the 1910s before settling at a property known as ‘St Petroc’ at Stillorgan in County Dublin. Died 27 April 1967 aged 83 at St Joseph’s nursing home, Kilcroney, Bray, Co. Wicklow, and was buried in St Fintan’s cemetery, Sutton, Co. Dublin. He married (1 October 1911) Catherine Mary, daughter of William Kenny, builder, of Fethard, Co. Tipperary; she predeceased him. Three of their sons entered the legal profession: Seán became a barrister and circuit court judge while Boyle and Kevin became solicitors.

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Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt

Content and Structure

References/Copyright Notice: Biographical details adapted and added to by Brian McGee and Julitta Clancy based on the entry by Patrick Long in the Dictionary of Irish Biography (Sept 2021 version). (DOI: https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.003024.v1), published by the Royal Irish Academy. Reproduced under the public licence, Creative Commons CC BY Attribution Non- Commercial 4.0 International license. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ legalcode) Additional References: Documents in Irish Foreign Policy series (www.difp.ie), ‘The Anglo-Irish Treaty’ (http:// research.dho.ie/1921treaty.pdf); several Bureau of Military History statements, such as http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0079.pdf. Also books, ‘Rising from the Ashes’ T MacCarthy, (Cork City Libraries, 2010) ; Cadogan and Falvey (eds), A Biographical Dictionary of Cork (Dublin, 2006). ARCHIVAL HISTORY Papers kept by the family of Judge Sean and Patience Fawsitt at Manch and Laurelmount, Dunmanway, Co. Cork. Some of the papers accompanied the move to Laurelmount in the mid-1980s while the remainder, stored in the farmhouse loft at Manch, were re- discovered in 2018. The reunited papers were sorted and arranged by Julitta Clancy, archivist and grand-daughter of Diarmaid Fawsitt, prior to their donation to Cork City and County Archives in 2019 by the custodian, Alice Fawsitt, SC, on behalf of the family.

Pages from Fawsitt’s pocket and daily diaries (ref. PR81/1/7)

certificates appointing Fawsitt to the role of first Irish consul to the United States in New York (ref. PR81/1/2/A/01). This is a document of national importance, signed by Eamon de Valera and Arthur Griffith, issued in three languages (Irish, French, and English) and clearly designed to enhance de Valera’s diplomatic mission in America. The records from this period contain important sets of pro-Irish material, created in an effort to draw awareness to Irish suffering under British rule and raise funds in the United States for Dail Eireann. The contents include typed copies of speeches and lectures delivered by Fawsitt to various Irish-American lobby groups. Also present are examples of speeches by Fawsitt, de Valera and Boland to mass gatherings, including at Boston in September 1920 (ref. PR81/1/2/E/03). These documents demonstrate Fawsitt’s extensive knowledge of the Irish economy and they express his views on the need to develop Irish industry and grow American trade. Views on home rule and the British empire are also well documented in this part of the collection. The records trace Diarmaid Fawsitt and Eamon de Valera’s movements around the United States on the remarkable tour undertaken by Irish republicans from the east to the west coast of the states and also their return east with Archbishop Mannix. A small volume of material presents evidence of the fundraising activities of the Irish consul in New York, including accounts of sums received for the Irish White Cross fund, Tralee Relief Fund, Cork Relief Fund and the Irish Refugee Fund (ref. PR81/1/2/F).

CONTENT AND STRUCTURE SCOPE AND CONTENT/INTRODUCTION

Section I of the Fawsitt archive comprises records created or received by Diarmaid L. Fawsitt relating to his public and working life from 1904 to 1966. The records span a wide historical period from the early days in Cork around 1904 to his Dail Eireann posting as Irish consul in New York in 1919 and through his civil service and legal career in the 1920s and onwards. The most complete set of records are Fawsitt’s pocket and daily diaries (ref. PR81/1/7), spanning the entire period from 1920 to 1966, except 1926. The content in the diaries is typically brief however the appointments recorded are an invaluable source for Fawsitt’s critical involvement in the diplomatic fight for Irish independence. The diaries allow for historical research into the movements of Fawsitt but also other key players in the republican movement including Eamon de Valera, Harry Boland, James O’Mara, and to a lesser extent Michael Collins. The collection also includes significant historical records documenting two diplomatic areas of vital concern to the foundation of the Irish state. The first is a series of papers from Fawsitt’s diplomatic period in New York. These records include the original set of

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Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt

Content and Structure

The second period of diplomacy concerns the post-Truce era, where Fawsitt’s records include copies of outgoing letters written by him in London whilst attending the Anglo- Irish treaty conference in his capacity as economic advisor to Robert Barton, T.D. (1881-1975). At this time, Fawsitt’s outgoing letter correspondence demonstrates that he was still primarily involved in the New York consulate. Amongst the papers from this period are draft corrections of texts evidently in circulation between Irish delegates and cabinet concerning those sections of the Anglo-Irish Treaty dealing with economic matters including trade, shipping, and Ireland’s share of the United Kingdom’s debt (ref PR81/1/3/B). The records from this period include letters with Eamon de Valera’s orders recalling Fawsitt from London in late November 1921 to embark on a secret mission to gauge support amongst businessmen in the north of Ireland for an economic and political union with the south. The reports of Fawsitt’s mission to Belfast submitted to the Irish cabinet shed an important light on the critical period immediately preceding the vote in favour of approving the Anglo-Irish treaty in Dail Eireann and the division of the cabinet on treaty lines (ref. PR81/1/3/C). The records are also accompanied by a small number of letters from the northern businessmen interviewed by Fawsitt and these provide a unique insight to the concerns and aspirations of some of the business community in the north. These records suggest a brief window in time where the Irish cabinet believed a united Ireland might be possible, before this was broken by the divisive debates on the treaty in Dail Eireann. Amongst these records is a small series of notes taken by Fawsitt whilst attending the public meetings of the treaty debates in the Dail (ref. PR81/1/3/E). The period after the Anglo-Irish treaty debates in Dail Eireann marks a great shift in Fawsitt’s career away from the field of diplomacy and towards a career in the civil service. Fawsitt moved from employment under Dail Eireann to his post in the Provisional Government of Ireland’s Ministry of Economic Affairs, later part of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Surviving records from this period indicate Fawsitt’s role in early activities of the newly independent state. These include his role in the transfer of naval facilities to Ireland from Great Britain at Haulbowline Island in Cork Harbour and correspondence with the British Admiralty concerning the Treaty Ports at Berehaven Co. Cork and Lough Swilly Co. Donegal (ref. PR81/1/4/B, and PR81/1/4/C/5). Fawsitt’s records on transatlantic communication cables and his unofficial visit to the United States in the summer of 1923 demonstrate an enduring importance placed by Fawsitt and others on Irish-American relations and trade during the civil war period. Extensive correspondence with Irish-Americans, especially James K. McGuire (1863-1923), a former mayor of Syracuse, New York, include important letters providing context for the divisions amongst Irish-Americans in the wake of the Anglo-Irish treaty. These include warnings from the United States of threats to the lives of Diarmaid Fawsitt, Eamon de Valera, Michael Collins, and Richard Mulcahy (ref. PR81/1/3/I/01/29). Extensive correspondence is also present concerning Fawsitt’s demise from the civil service following his unofficial visit to the United States in the summer of 1923 (ref. PR81/1/4/D). These records indicate Fawsitt’s enduring association with Eamon de Valera in the eyes of many, despite his support for the Anglo-Irish treaty. Section 5 of the collection is comprised of extensive papers demonstrating Fawsitt’s continued efforts to promote Irish trade and industry, and to re-establish himself

financially, following his departure from the public service. His involvement in the Irish Industrial Association, both in Dublin and Cork, is evident. Correspondence with the Cork Industrial Development Association contain evidence of efforts to promote trade in a number of different sectors including weaving, tobacco, and in motor manufacture at Ford’s plant in Cork. Correspondence with Mrs Slattery of the Irish Industrial Depot in New York illustrate his ongoing connection to Irish America (PR81/1/5/A/3). This section also documents his work as a journalist, broadcaster, and researcher on industrial topics, including trade marks, tariffs, production statistics, and the history of Irish industries. Sections 6 and 7 record Fawsitt’s new career as a barrister, and, subsequently, circuit court judge. The records present in Section 6 cover his legal training, his early work as a barrister (including work for firms such as Arthur Cox & Co), involvement in cases (eg, the Rossmuck Murder Appeal), and his ongoing study and research, as he quickly established himself as a leading barrister. Sub-section PR81/1/6/E covers Fawsitt’s service as a circuit court judge, initially on a temporary basis around Ireland, then subsequently as a permanent judge on the Eastern Circuit. Records include correspondence with court officials, county registrars, the Department of Justice, but also the Department of the Taoiseach, the file on which contains very interesting correspondence with Eamon De Valera sheding light on their friendship and relationship (PR81/1/6/E/4). Also of particular interest are extensive files (PR81/1/6/E/12-13) documenting his work chairing arbitration tribunals on workers’ wages under Emergency Powers in place during the Second World War, bringing together his industrial experience and his legal capacities. Letters of congratulations on his becoming a barrister, being appointed judge, and on his retirement, attest to the warmth and esteem in which he was regarded by his many friends and associates, in all walks of life. The diaries of his legal career as Judge in the South-Western Circuit Court, which comprise Section 7 of the collection, provide a unique insight into the life and activities in the legal profession of the newly independent Irish state. The small Section 8 documents some of Fawsitt’s interests as a public figure, eg, his involvement in the Archbishop Mannix Jubilee Commemoration Fund, and his associations with Australia, which he first visited in c1901/1902 and revisited in 1962. The records taken together form a common thread in Fawsitt’s life; that of his continued and determined interest in furthering the industrial and economic independence of Ireland, and of serving the Irish state and its citizens. The collection preserves an important set of archives recording attitudes towards trade, empire, and economic development both preceding independence and in the early years of the state, and into the world of the legal profession and courts service in mid-20th century Ireland.

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Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt

Allied Materials

SYSTEM OF ARRANGEMENT SECTION 1: PUBLIC LIFE 1. Early Period, Cork and New York 2. New York Consulate

National Library of Ireland: MS 18, 547: Report on third visit to Belfast by Diarmaid Fawsitt (31 December 1921) MS 18,547: Report on fourth visit to Belfast by Diarmaid Fawsitt (14 January 1922) (Also references in other records held by NAI)

3. Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ulster Special Mission and Civil Service 4. Civil Service, Provisional Government and Irish Free State 5. Industrial Development and Trade 6. Legal Career, Barrister 7. Diaries 8. Interests and Membership of Organisations (SECTION 2: PRIVATE PERSONAL AND FAMILY PAPERS – not listed)

University College Dublin Archives De Valera Papers EXISTENCE AND LOCATION OF COPIES None identified. RELATED UNITS OF DESCRIPTION

Reference

Description

Other

U265

Judge Diarmaid Fawsitt Statement Account of the founding of the Volunteers in Cork, as submitted to William D. O’Connell.

CONDITIONS OF ACCESS AND USE CONDITIONS GOVERNING ACCESS Accessible to all registered readers at Cork City and County Archives by appointment. CONDITIONS GOVERNING REPRODUCTION Restricted LANGUAGE English, some Irish FINDING AIDS Descriptive List

IE 627/SM002

Diarmaid Fawsitt Letters

Two MS letters from Diarmaid Fawsitt to William D. O’Connell regarding the setting up of the Irish Volunteers in Cork city and county.

U141

Cork Industrial Development Association Cork Industrial Development Association G.H. Grindley File Irish International Trading Corporation (Cork) Ltd.

VEC/B/IDA

IE 627/B639

RULES /CONVENTIONS USED ISAD(G)

ALLIED MATERIALS EXISTENCE AND LOCATION OF ORIGINALS

ARCHIVISTS’ NOTE LIST PREPARED BY:

Steven Skeldon , Archivist, CCCA (Sub sections 1 to 4, 5, 7) Timothy O’Connor , Archivist, CCCA (Sub sections 6 and 8) The list is based on an overall organisation and arrangement created by Julitta Clancy. BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION, AND FINAL EDITING BY: Brian McGee, Senior Archivist, CCCA Julitta Clancy 29 March 2022

National Archives of Ireland: There are a number of references to Fawsitt in the Cabinet minutes for 1920 and 1921 (Ref. DE1/2 and DE1/3), such as; DE/1/3, Cabinet minutes, 30 Sept 1921, appointment as Technical Advisor. DE/2/304/13, Report on first visit to Belfast (3 December 1921, 7pp) DE/2/478, Correspondence, Eamon de Valera and Diarmaid Fawsitt (21-23 November 1921, 3 letters) (Also references in other records held by NAI)

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Reference: PR81/1/3/A/4 1919 - 1925 Passport of J.L. Fawsitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt)

PR81/1/1 Early Period, Cork and New York (1905-1918)

Reference: PR81/1/1

Date: 1905 - 1918

Title: Level:

Early Period, Cork and New York

Extent: 51 items

series

Scope and Content: This series includes those records of Diarmaid Fawsitt’s public life up to the period of the 1916 Easter Rising. These include personal correspondence and typescript published and unpublished papers from the period. The earliest record is a single item, the First Annual Report (1904) of the Cork National Theatre Society, presented by Diarmaid Fawsitt, Honorary Secretary, in 1905 (ref. PR81/1/1/A). Regrettably no original records are present for Fawsitt’s key involvement in the formation of the Cork Volunteers. The surviving records do however include Fawsitt’s recollections of the events written in later life (ref. PR81/1/1/B). Substantial records begin with Fawsitt’s visit (deportation) to the United States in 1915, following growing British concern at Fawsitt’s republican sympathies. This part of the collection is critical in demonstrating the early importance placed on the United States by Irish republicans in the period preceding the Easter Rising as it shows a co-ordinated structured approach to promoting Ireland’s interests in America (ref. PR81/1/1/C). A small volume of material is also present indicating Diarmaid Fawsitt’s role as secretary of the Cork Industrial Development Association (ref. PR81/1/1/D). The most significant items from this period include letters of introduction for Fawsitt from Eamon de Valera to key American players in the Irish-American movement including John Devoy. There is also evidence of U.S support from the U.S. consulate in Cobh (Queenstown). Amongst these early papers are copies of articles, lectures, or speeches delivered by Fawsitt at the time of his visit to New York in 1915 (ref. PR81/1/1/C/06). These provide much in the way of evidence of pro-German and anti-British (or anti imperial) sentiments amongst republicans. These provide a useful context and understanding of Fawsitt’s views on Ireland, Great Britain, and Empire in the period of the First World War, and they shed light on Ireland’s struggle for American support of Irish self-determination at that time. This visit would be critical in laying the foundations for Fawsitt’s later diplomatic mission to New York as Irish consul in 1919. There are also present amongst these papers some clues as to Fawsitt’s relations with the British, incuding an official letter issued by the British authorities on his return to Cork in 1915 warning him to be a ‘live quietly’ or face imprisonment (ref. PR81/1/1/C/07).

PR81/1/1 Early Period, Cork and New York (1905-1918)

PR81/1/1/A Cork National Theatre Society, Honorary Secretary (1904-5)

PR81/1/1/B Recollections of the founding of the Cork Corps, Irish Volunteers 1913-1916 (1931, 1962-1966)

PR81/1/1/C Deportation from Cork and Activities in the United States of America (1915)

PR81/1/1/D Secretary, Cork Industrial Development Association (1915 – 1918) 13 PR81/1/1/E Newspaper reports of the Easter Rising and copy of Sinn Fein constitution (1916) 16

XXIV

PR81/1/1 Early Period, Cork and New York (1905-1918)

PR81/1/1/A Cork National Theatre Society, Honorary Secretary (1904-5)

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/01

Date: 1913 (1966)

Title:

Draft Memoir, Founding in Cork City of the Cork Corps, Irish Volunteers, by Diarmaid Fawsitt

Reference: PR81/1/1/A

Date: 1904-1905

Level:

Extent: 20 pages

item

Title: Level:

Cork National Theatre Society, papers of Diarmaid Fawsitt, Honorary Secretary

Scope and Content: Memoir by Fawsitt entitled ‘The Founding in Cork City of the Cork Corps, Irish Volunteers - “a day and night to remember” ‘, written c.1966, recounting events of 14 December 1913. The memoir recounts the meeting at Cork City Hall in some detail, naming the four convenors of the meeting and some of the organisational elements such as the content of attendance ticket stubs. Fawsitt records his own role as secretary to the meeting, and that of J.J. Walsh as chairman. He remarks, ‘the city hall was crowded with Cork citizens long before the proceedings began’, and ‘the conveners of the public meeting were surprised to see the crowded attendance of young men in the City Hall’. Pages present are numbered 1 to 6 and 20, with the remainder unnumbered. This appears to be a draft or working copy of the full memoir sent to W.D. O’Connell, Editor, Cork Examiner in 1966 and later gifted to Cork City & County Archives by Judge Sean Mac D. Fawsitt (ref. U265, Cork City & County Archives, see also ref. SM002 for correspondence with O’Connell).

Extent: 1 item

sub-series

Scope and Content: Single item, first annual report of the Cork National Theatre Society (1904), presented by Diarmaid Fawsitt, Honorary Secretary, in 1905.

Reference: PR81/1/1/A/01

Date: 1904-1905 (15 September 1906)

Title:

Cork National Theatre Society, First Annual Report, presented by Honorary Secretary, Diarmaid Fawsitt

Level:

Extent: 10 pages

item

Scope and Content: First Annual Report of Cork National Theatre Society, detailing in brief the background to the establishment of the society and its performances during its first year of existence. This report was presented by Diarmaid Fawsitt as Honorary Secretary at the society’s Second Annual Meeting held on 15 September 1906. Cork National Theatre Society was formed on 29 January 1904 with meetings at 13 Great George’s Street (now Washington Street) and later at Marlboro Street. Performances listed include ‘The Last Irish King’. Attached is a printed copy of a request for donations or gifts to maintain the financial stability of the society.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/02

Date: c.1975

Title: Level:

Newspaper Article, Donation of Fawsitt Memoir to Cork City & County Archives

Extent: 1 sheet

item

Scope and Content: Cutting from newspaper containing article titled ‘Fawsitt memoir of 1913 for Cork Archives Council’. Includes photograph of Judge Sean Mac D. Fawsitt presenting the manuscript papers to Cork archives. No date of publication or author included. Refers to donation of item referenced U265 at Cork City & County Archives.

PR81/1/1/B Recollections of the founding of the Cork Corps, Irish Volunteers 1913-1916 (1931, 1962-1966)

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03

Date: 1954 - 1966 (1913-1914)

Title:

Correspondence between Diarmaid Fawsitt and the Cork Examiner newspaper concerning Fawsitt’s recollections on the foundin of the Cork Volunteers

Reference: PR81/1/1/B

Date: 1913-1916 (1931, 1962-1966)

Title: Level:

Diarmaid Fawsitt’s Recollections of the founding of the Cork Corps, Irish Volunteers

Level:

Extent: 9 items

file

Extent: 25 items

sub-series

Scope and Content: Letters between Diarmaid Fawsitt and W.D. O’Connell, Editor, Cork Examiner, in connection with the founding of Cork volunteers.

Scope and Content: Material relating to the founding of the Cork Corps of the Irish Volunteers in 1913, as recalled by Diarmaid Fawsitt in later life. No contemporary records are present, with the bulk of the recollections dating to Fawsitt’s memories of events as recorded on the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising in 1966.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/01

Date:

(August 1954)

Title:

MS. Note from W.D. O’Connell, Editor, (Cork Evening Echo), Fawcett’s Hotel, Ballycotton, Co. Cork, to unidentified address (Diarmaid Fawsitt)

Level:

Extent: 1 page

item

Scope and Content: Note from O’Connell advising Fawsitt of the publication dates of memoirs of L de R (Liam de Roiste), which are to appear in the Cork Evening Echo on 19 August 1954 for 5 months, appearing in editions of the Evening Echo twice weekly on Thursdays and Saturdays.

Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt

PR81/1/1 Early Period, Cork and New York (1905-1918)

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/02

Date:

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/05

Date:

10 November 1961

(March 1966)

Title:

MS. Letter from unidentified sender (W.D. O’Connell), Cork Evening Echo, The Cork Examiner, 95 Patrick Street, Cork, to ‘Dear Judge’ (Diarmaid Fawsitt)

MS. Letter from W.D. O’Connell, The Cork Examiner, 95 Patrick Street, Cork, to ‘my dear and esteemed Cork rebel and friend’ (Diarmaid Fawsitt)

Level:

Extent: 2 pages

Level:

Extent: 4 pages

item

Scope and Content: Letter thanking Fawsitt for sending biographical sketch. The writer is seeking information about the Cork Literary Society and the Industrial Development Association in Cork between 1900 and 1922. Commenting on the revolution the writer states: ‘The current of the Irish Revolution had many streams, activists, idealists and few industrially minded pioneers’. The writer also sends Fawsitt a requested copy of a picture of Lord Carbery (d.1915), no longer enclosed.

Scope and Content: Lengthy letter thanking Fawsitt for agreeing to write an article on the founding of the Cork volunteers and suggesting Fawsitt visit Cork in Easter. O’Connell has travelled around West Cork meeting men and visiting places connected with the revolutionary period. Refers to meeting Kilmurry native Ned Warren and dining at the Castle Hotel, Macroom. Mention is made of visiting site associated with Eamon de Valera’s stay in August 1922, and speaking to ‘Fenian’ Joe O’Sullivan who is referenced in Tom Barry’s book. O’Connell regrets he has not yet heard from Mrs Stewart, evidently a relation or family member connected to Fawsitt. This appears to refer to his daughter Sheila Fawsitt, married to John Stewart. O’Connell has requested pictures and work songs from Mrs Stewart. In passing he refers to her ancestry, West Cork, Bandon and Tipperary and her Lucey lineage. Brief mention made of current events in Cork where O’Connell states he expects to see a ‘colossal increase’ in cost of rates for ratepayers.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/03

Date:

1 March 1965 (14 December 1913)

Title:

MS. Photocopy letter from Diarmaid Fawsitt, Mater Private Nursing Home, Eccles Street, Dublin to ‘my dear O’Connell’ (W.D. O’Connell, Editor, Cork Examiner, 95 Patrick Street, Cork), recounting events at first meeting of the Cork branch of the Irish Volunteers at Cork City Hall on 14 December 1913

Level:

Extent: 2 pages

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/06

Date:

item

(July 1966)

Scope and Content: Two pages of longer letter, regarding Fawsitt’s recollection of events surrounding his involvement in the founding of the Cork branch of the Irish volunteers. Fawsitt recalls himself as one of four ‘youngsters’ who convened the public meeting at Cork city hall. Fawsitt also notes his own role, including that he knew Roger Casement and had been instrumental in writing to him and inviting him to speak at the public meeting at city hall. Further, Fawsitt states that he convened a meeting of the Galtee battalion (Galtee regiment) and invited Casement to attend same meeting (Mitchelstown). Recounting events at Cork city hall Fawsitt recalls the lights being extinguished and the Redmondite mob storming the platform. He also recalls switching on the lights later and introducing Casement to the stage. Fawsitt comments that two hundred men signed application forms to join the volunteers in Cork that day.

Title:

TS. Note from Thomas Crosbie & Co Ltd., The Cork Examiner, 95 Patrick Street, Cork, to Judge Fawsitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt), Dublin

Level:

Extent: 1 sheet

item

Scope and Content: Note enclosing cheque for £5.5.0 , in respect of settlement for account of purchase of ‘Sowing the Seeds’. Cheque no longer enclosed.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/07

Date:

31 August 1966

Title:

MS. Letter and mailing list from Diarmaid Fawsitt, Royal Marine Hotel, Dun Laoghaire, to the Manager, The Cork Examiner, Cork

Level:

Extent: 7 pages

item

Scope and Content: Letter requesting copies of issues of the Cork Examiner and Jubilee Supplement of 31 August 1966 and requesting copies be forwarded to names and addresses listed. The mailing list attached includes pages numbered 1,2,3,4, and 13,14. Other pages not present. Names referred to include for example Patricia Clancy, Solicitor, Melbourne, Australia; Reverend Father Liam Condon, USA; Mrs Colleen Griffin, Canada; and Mr and Mrs Noel Veira, Jamaica.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/04

Date:

25 February 1966

Title:

MS. Letter from W.D. O’Connell, The Cork Examiner, 95 Patrick Street, Cork, to ‘my dear Judge and friend’ (Diarmaid Fawsitt)

Level:

Extent: 2 pages

item

Scope and Content: Letter concerning some private matters, O’Connell notes Fawsitt is feeling unwell and recommends he return to his native Cork and recuperate at the Bons (Bons Secours Hospital, Cork). If he is well enough O’Connell requests that Fawsitt submit a general article on the founding of the volunteers in Cork and also an article on the IDA (Industrial Development Association). The article on the volunteers is required by the first week of April.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/08

Date:

6 September 1966

Title:

TS. Letter from ‘W.D’ (W.D. O’Connell), The Cork Examiner, 95 Patrick Street, Cork, to Judge Diarmuid Fawsitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt), Royal Marine Hotel, Dunlaoghaire (Dun Laoghaire), Co. Dublin

Level:

Extent: 1 page

item

Scope and Content: Letter forwarding twelve newspaper supplements, no longer enclosed. Evidently written in reply to Fawsitt’s letter of 31 August 1966 requesting copies of the Cork Examiner jubilee supplement of 31 August.

Descriptive List of the Personal Archive of Diarmaid L. Fawsitt

PR81/1/1 Early Period, Cork and New York (1905-1918)

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/03/09

Date:

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04/03

Date:

(1913-1914; 1966)

13 April 1962

Title:

MS. Notes by Diarmaid Fawsitt quoting passages from the memoirs of Liam de Roiste on the history of the volunteers in Cork

TS. Letter from M.S. Chambers, Chief Reporter, The Irish Times, Dublin, to B.J. Fawsitt, Esq., 11 Eglinton Terrace, Donnybrook, Dublin

Level:

Extent: 2 pages

Level:

Extent: 1 page

item

Scope and Content: A series of short notes taken from an unpublished version of Liam de Roiste’s memoirs. Fawsitt also acknowledges other sources including J.J. Walsh’s work, ‘Recollections of a Rebel’ as published in 1944. Quotes from de Roiste’s memoirs refer to the origins of the Irish volunteers: ‘ “that it was the Ulster Volunteer Movement gave the opportunity for the formation of the Irish volunteers is beyond dispute” ‘. Critical of English government in allowing the Ulster volunteers to form an illegal armed opposition to Home Rule.

Scope and Content: Letter returning a magazine to Mr Fawsitt that he had loaned to the Irish Times. Chambers confirms that the paper has written a short story and intends to print this story soon. The magazine referred to is no longer enclosed.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04/04

Date:

16 July 1962

Title:

TS. Letter from Michael Rooney, Irish Independent, Dublin, to His Honour Judge Diarmuid Fawsitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt), Royal Marine Hotel, Dun Laoghaire

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04

Date: 1931, 1962-1966

Level:

Extent: 1 page

item

Title:

Scope and Content: Letter concerning a visit by Fawsitt to Rooney’s offices, Rooney regrets he was not present when Fawsitt visited. Invites Fawsitt to call on him. Hopes Fawsitt has returned well from his world trip.

Correspondence between Diarmaid Fawsitt and members of the Irish press in Dublin including The Irish Times and the Irish Independent

Level:

Extent: 10 items

file

Scope and Content: Letters from various newspaper correspondents to Diarmaid Fawsitt in connection with the period of the war of independence and civil war. Includes letters from the Irish Times and other mainly Dublin based newspapers.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04/05

Date:

27 August 1962

Title:

TS. Letter from Michael Rooney, Irish Independent, Dublin, to His Honour Judge Diarmuid Fawsitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt), Royal Marine Hotel, Dun Laoghaire

Level:

Extent: 1 page

item

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04/01

Date:

Scope and Content: Letter confirming receipt of articles sent by Fawsitt to Rooney, concerning his experience abroad. Rooney promises to take a look at these.

20 April 1931

Title:

Postcard memo from B. Clancy, Manager, The Irish Advertising and Publishing Co., 28 South Frederick Street, Dublin, to Diarmuid Fawcitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt), Esq., B.L., St Petroc, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin

Level:

Extent: 1 card

item

Scope and Content: Note from Clancy to Fawsitt regarding the length of article Fawsitt is evidently writing for Clancy. Clancy requests if Fawsitt can fill 18 pages of text rather than 6 pages.

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04/06

Date:

16 February 1963

Title:

Payment request from John O’Riordan, Director and Manager, Independent Newspaper Ltd., Independent House, 90 Middle Abbey Street Dublin, to His Honour Judge Diarmuid Fawsitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt), Royal Marine Hotel

Level:

Extent: 1 page

item

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04/02

Date:

Scope and Content: Request for payment of £30.0.0 for account due, evidently subscription to the Independent newspaper.

22 May 1931

Title:

Postcard memo from B. Clancy, The Irish Advertising and Publishing Co., 28 South Frederick Street, Dublin, to Diarmuid Fawcitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt, St Petroc, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin)

Reference: PR81/1/1/B/04/07

Date:

Level:

Extent: 1 card

item

22 April 1966

Scope and Content: Note from Clancy to Fawsitt forwarding letters in connection with Irish trade per agreement made between Irish Comm. Press Ltd and I.A.& P. Co. Ltd. Letters referred to are no longer enclosed.

Title:

TS. Letter from M. Sullivan, The Irish Press, Irish Press House, O’Connell Street, Dublin, to Mr D. Fawsitt (Diarmaid Fawsitt), Talbot Lodge, Blackrock, Co. Dublin

Level:

Extent: 2 pages

item

Scope and Content: Circular letter enclosing blank anniversary notice form and advising Fawsitt of timescales for publication of any memorial or anniversary notices.

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