Westward Cork Migration by Sail 1815-1860 by John Sutton

PART I CALENDAR OF CORK EMIGRANT SHIP SAILINGS 1815-60

Brig Waterloo – (port unknown) sailed for New York from Cork 24 May with emigrants. Arrived 13 Jul 1854. Pemberton --(port unknown) sailed for Quebec from Cork 4 Jun with 494 emigrants. Arrived 1 Aug. Satellite – ( port unknown) sailed for Quebec from Cork 2 Jul with emigrants. Christiana – (port unknown) sailed for Quebec from Cork 3 Jul with emigrants. James L Bogart

– (port unknown) sailed for New York from Cork 1 Aug with emigrants. Arrived after loss of fore, main and mizen topgallant masts, on 21 Aug in a heavy SW gale on the Banks. – of Limerick sailed for Quebec from Cork 26 Aug with emigrants. – (port unknown) sailed for Boston from Cork 3 Oct with emigrants. – (port unknown sailed for Boston from Cork with emigrants arriving 18 Nov. – (port unknown) sailed for New York from Cork 2 Dec, general and passengers.

Energy

John M Wood

Halifax Robert Carnley

RELATED NEWS and EVENTS * Irish Emigration to Boston

Boston recorded 878 ship arrivals in 1854, Liverpool was the main port of embarkation and Ireland provided the main emigrant group. The US 1860 Census for Massachusetts would later document that Irish foreign-born residents exceeded all other foreign-born residents combined ( 185,434 of 260,114 ). * Emigration from the UK and Cork Total UK emigrant departures in 1854 - 323,429; distribution: BNA: 13%, US: 66%, Australia: 26%. Port of Cork departures: US: 1,139 , Canada: 2,897. Total departures from the Port of Cork departures would fall below 500 for 1855 and 1856 (McCarthy 2019, 270). Queenstown would later become the major port of departure for America. * Crimean War 1854-56. The pretext for war was strife between Christian minority sects in Ottoman-controlled Palestine for access to Holy Places. Nicholas I of Russia, insisting that the Eastern Orthodox Church fall under the protection of the Russian Empire, declared war against the Ottoman Empire in 1853 - though his main motive was greater power in the Black Sea area and thus easier access to the Mediterranean. Great Britain, France and the Kingdom of Sardinia- Piedmont, strongly opposed to Nicholas’s maneuvers, joined the Ottoman Empire in the conflict in March 1854. The war was reported daily in the British press, due to the presence of war correspondents and electronic telegraphy and gained an enthusiastic public following. William Howard Russell of Dublin, writing for The Times , earned his reputation during the war providing uncensored accounts of brutality, gallantry ( Charge of the Light Brigade ) and common ineptitudes in its management (Huddie, 2015). Irish nationalist sentiment, diminished after the Famine and failed 1848 Rebellion, did not deter Irish political and Catholic Church approval of the British and many Irishmen enlisted. Cork’s emigration decline was likely influenced by traditional army and navy enlistment and an improved economy associated with a busy naval base and the wartime provision trade.