PART II EMIGRANT PERSPECTIVE
1806
1830
1840
1850
1860
(French) Lower Canada (British) Upper Canada Nova Scotia/ Cape Breton New Brunswick
250,000
500,267
629,943
835,540
1,106,666
70,718.
210,437
436,436
830,225
1,395,222
65,000.
153,218
202,820
268,481
330,689
35,000
91,812
131,040
187,026
233,727
Newfoundland 26,000
69,610 27,244
83,343 45,144
99,786 68,037
124,608 80,648
Prince Edward Island
9,676
TOTAL
430,394
1,052,588
1,528,726
2,289,095
3,271,560
Canadian population: 1806 (during Napoleonic Wars), from Britannica, and 1830- 60, from MacGregor’s interpolated stats.
*Please note that the author has written St John New Brunswick v St John’s Newfoundland to differentiate the two. Yet in most 19 th century maritime papers reviewed herein, the two St John’s are written the same.
The Five US Ports: – Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans. The US population grew from 5,308,485 in 1800 to 12,860,020 in 1830, a 2.4-fold increase.
NEW YORK became the busiest east coast port in the 1790s and grew in prominence during the 19 th century. In the early 1820s over half of all US immigrants came ashore in New York while Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans received only 8- 10% each. New York’s share of all US immigration (UK and Europe) increased to 65% by the late 1830s.
United Kingdom total migrant flow to BNA exceeded that to the USA until the 1830s.
Emigration from UK : ‘British Emigration Commissioners’ Report, 1861 : 1815-20. 1821-30. 1831-40. 1841-50.
1851-60.
To the United States
50,359. 70,438
99.801. 308,247. 1,094,556. 1,495,243
North American Colonies.
130,269
322,485.
429,044. 235,085
Ireland contributed 60% of the ‘British’ transatlantic emigrants who arrived in BNA between 1815 and the Great Famine, while Cohn has stated Ireland consistently contributed 70% of all ‘British’ immigrants who voyaged to the USA for the 21 -years, 1825-46. Information became increasingly available to Irish emigrants preparing for departure in the form of letters from America (some reproduced in newspapers), newsprint editorials, and travel advisories that covered the voyage, destination conditions, and the job market. It should be noted that coincidental with the introduction of the Irish National School System in
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